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During much of the twelfth century the Crusaders dominated the
military scene in the Levant. The unification of Egypt and Syria by
Saladin gradually changed the balance of power, which slowly begun
to tilt in favour of the Muslims. This book examines the
development and role of Muslim fortresses in the Levant at the time
of the Crusaders and the Mongol invasion, situating the study
within a broad historical, political and military context.
Exploring the unification of Egypt with a large part of Syria and
its effect on the balance of power in the region, Raphael gives a
historical overview of the resulting military strategies and
construction of fortresses. A detailed architectural analysis is
based on a survey of four Ayyubid and eight Mamluk fortresses
situated in what are today the modern states of Jordan, Israel,
Southern Turkey and Egypt (the Sinai Peninsula). The author then
explores the connection between strongholds or military
architecture, and the development of siege warfare and technology,
and examines the influence of architecture and methods of rule on
the concept of defence and the development of fortifications.
Drawing upon excavation reports, field surveys and contemporary
Arabic sources, the book provides the Arabic architectural
terminology and touches on the difficulties of reading the sources.
Detailed maps of the fortresses in the region, the Mongol invasion
routs, plans of sites and photographs assist the reader throughout
the book, providing an important addition to existing literature in
the areas of Medieval Archaeology, Medieval military history and
Middle Eastern studies.
During much of the twelfth century the Crusaders dominated the
military scene in the Levant. The unification of Egypt and Syria by
Saladin gradually changed the balance of power, which slowly begun
to tilt in favour of the Muslims. This book examines the
development and role of Muslim fortresses in the Levant at the time
of the Crusaders and the Mongol invasion, situating the study
within a broad historical, political and military context.
Exploring the unification of Egypt with a large part of Syria and
its effect on the balance of power in the region, Raphael gives a
historical overview of the resulting military strategies and
construction of fortresses. A detailed architectural analysis is
based on a survey of four Ayyubid and eight Mamluk fortresses
situated in what are today the modern states of Jordan, Israel,
Southern Turkey and Egypt (the Sinai Peninsula). The author then
explores the connection between strongholds or military
architecture, and the development of siege warfare and technology,
and examines the influence of architecture and methods of rule on
the concept of defence and the development of fortifications.
Drawing upon excavation reports, field surveys and contemporary
Arabic sources, the book provides the Arabic architectural
terminology and touches on the difficulties of reading the sources.
Detailed maps of the fortresses in the region, the Mongol invasion
routs, plans of sites and photographs assist the reader throughout
the book, providing an important addition to existing literature in
the areas of Medieval Archaeology, Medieval military history and
Middle Eastern studies.
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